Chronic kidney disease is a growing public health problem with a huge economic burden on society. In children, congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract are the most common cause for chronic kidney dieseases. Normal development of the kidneys and urinary tract progresses through a complex series of events and requires the expression of key transcription factors to occur with precision in the fetus. It is now known that many genetic defects can lead to congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. Most of them can be indentified prenatally with antenatal ultrasonography. For infants born with severe renal impairment, transfer to a center specializing in infant dyalisis has been shown to be reasonably good, and survival improves further if kidney transplantation can eventually be achieved.
Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract is not a single disease but merely descriptive for a large collection of diverse developmental…
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